Puppet-valve.



R. L. ELLERY.

PUPPET VALVE. APPLICATION FILED mun. 10. m1.

.- Patented June 19, 1917.

been found to be the most satisfactor 'coolin lar UNITED sTATEs PATENT oFFIon ROBERT L. ELLEBY, OF TOLEDO, OHIO, ABSIGNOB, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO

PIANSTIEHL COMPANY, II INC., A CORPORATION 01! NEW YORK.

PUPPET-VALVE.

" e s rement. Patented Juneau, 1917.

Application fled March 10,1817; Serial No. 158,792.

To all whom it may condom:

Be it known that I, ROBERT L. Eunnr a citizen of the United States, residin at oledo, in the county of Lucas and tate of Ohio,have invented a certain new and use-' ful Improvement in up et-Valves, of which the following is a fu clear, concise and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying-drawings, forming a part of this specification.

My invention relates to puppet valves for internal combustion engines, and particularly to a valve having a tungsten steel head and chrome vanadium steel stem, the head and stem being electrically welded together. 'Tungsten or so-called high speed steel lflas or valve ,heads, because it can be operate at a high temperature without losing its hardness. Cast iron headed valves and nickel steel headed, valves when operated at red heat become so soft that the often warp by reason of a chunk of car on becomin v lodged under one edge of the valve. Har

pieces ofcarbon also often embed themselves into the portion of the valve which engages the seat, thus causing so -called pitting and causing the valve to leak and require regrinding.

A great many valves are in .use having tungsten steel heads and 1 tungsten stee vstems, the head and stem bein formed of one, piece of metal, the valve being made by a so-called swaging operation. Tungsten steel has the peculiarity of takin on a permanent ex ansion by reason 0 successive heating. t is common practice in regrinding reamers and the like made of high speed steel to heat and again cool them, wher, eupon it is found that the size of the reamer has been so increased that it may be reground to the same size as before it became worn. This peculiarity ofhigh speed steel makes it undesirable for use as valve stems because, due to the successive heating and of the stems, the stems become enand frequentl It as been found "a solutely necessary in using high speed tungsten steel stemmed valves to have the stems in the original inordinary steel lies priman bind in the sleeves.v

Prior to my own invention as described in ma Patent No." 1,141,870, of June 1, 1915, am not aware that an one was able to form a homogeneous wel d between tungsten steel and-low carbon steel. I am aware an that others have disclosed lathe tools in which tungsten steel is said to be weldedto carbon steel, but experience shows that these .so-called welds are not homogeneous and solid throughout the entire area of contact 5 and as a matter of fact are only serviceable where the pressure exerted upon the two metals is toward the weld. The reason for this difliculty in welding high speedsteel to difierence in the welding temperatures of these steels, but secondarily in the great difference in the coefficient of expansion of these steels. 1 Furthermore, the tungsten component of high speed steel oxidizes very 76 j rea 'ly "at temperatures above Fahrenheit and formsa' scale which prevents the tungsten steel from unitin homo geneously with other metals'when itis attempted to unite them by the methods ordi- 80 narily used for welding. In addition to this, the heat at which a weld'must be made between a tungsten steel body and a carbon steel body 1s so high as to burn the carbon,

out of the-carbon steel and thus destroy its 88 qualities except when welded by the process 1 hereinafter described.

I have found that chrome vanadium steel makes-an excellent valve stem; that stems i I made of this material are not subject to 90 change in size by successive heatin and coolings; and that by the rocess ereinafter described they may e successively welded to .tungs .i

tell steel.

' In order to effect a weld between a' tung 98 sten steel body and a body of other material means must be provided for "operating both materials at substantially their own weldin temperatures. Means must also'be' rovided for getting rid of the crust or 0nd which 100 formson the highly heated material before" it is heated to its welding tem erature. I v I .accomplish theheatmg o the tungsten steel to a higher tem rature than the chrome vanadium steel the parts to be welded that the current density in the tungsten steel is greater than the current density in the chrome vanadium steel stem. I also bring about the rapid radiation of heat from the-stem and so shape.

y in' the great 7o y so constructing 05 th e' turigsten steel head that' the heat will not 'be.'rapidly radiated from the welded portions thereofr- I eliminate theoxidiz edportions of the tungsten steel head and chrome vanadium steel stems =by forcing,a comparatively large quantity of the molten metal out of the regionof ,weld ap stem in the dlrectlon of the head during the welding operation and thuscausing'the'molten metal of both the tungsten steel head and the stem to'flow outwardly so that new metals, which are concealed from access wlth I the atmosphere, a're brought together toform V the weld.

' I have found in practicethat it is important in order to secure aperfect weld 7 that abo t of an ,inchof thehigh speed metal andabout a, of an inch of the stem metal be extruded at the point of weld before all'of the oxidized portions are/eliminated. I have found that even with the above precautions a portion of the welds made by m process are faulty, but that the Y aul aael scentsreed ydstsq y ring- 25. ing. the valves af ,r the. welding operation. The valves which are perfectly welded with a solid and homogeneous union will ring trueand clear, while valves which are imperfectly. welded resulting in evena slight crack or non-united portion will ring with a My: invention ,is illustrated in the accomdrawings which like parts are designated by similarcharacters of referpanying' ei beand Ff rejlis anelevation of the completed @ji'e v y, v

"Figg-2'is ahigh speed. valve head as 'itap- I pearsfbeforelthe welding operation;

- "Fig. 3 illustrates the weld between ahead and stein beforethesurplus extruded metal fe ore 'gandfi v Fi'gl lis a-machmeci the type in which I f prefer to carry on myweIding operation. 2'.

A fvailve madeiaccordingtothe process of I my invention is illustrated ;in' Fig. 1, the I v. head 5 being made of 'a tungsten steel drop ,forgiu" and-thestemobemg of chrome vanadium; steel,

In Fig. 2fthehead 7 '1 s m in its 001 1 plying pressure upon the" 'ditioi before the welding operation. From this t may be seen that the projection 8 thereon is. cone shaped so that the current density will be greater near the tip than'near the base of the cone'whereby the greater heat will ,be concentrated at the tip.

In Fig. 3 is illustrated a valve head and stem after the welding operation andbefore the extruded metal 9 has been cut away. The metal 9 is highly oxidized and contains a considerable amount of embraced oxid both from the end of the stem and from the valve head. As'heretofore pointed out the stem and head are forced together until all of the oxidized metal and all'of the metal embracing oxide i of either the head or stem metal is extruded beyond-the line upon which the valve is to 'be' finally finished.

machine in which the electrode 10 is so shaped as to conduct current to thewhole of the tungsten steel head and in which the y In Fig. 4 is illustrated an electric welding electrode 11 is so formed as to clamp .upon

the stem 6 and to absorb heat therefrom to prevent the temperature of the welding'portion of the stem fro'm rising above that at which the particular type of steel being welded properlywelds. a I have found that the valve head may be hardened" either before orafter the welding operation; If hardened after the weldmg operation I prefer to heat; the entire valve head and'steni to about -2000 F'ah'rem.

.he'it and to then. cool'the head in oil, perto" cool at its niitting the stem, however,

natural rate in the atmosphere; .If the head is hardened before the welding operation -I find that the periphery or' seat 'engae'gmtg -portion will not be sufliciently heat cause the'softening of the, material during.

the welding operation. What Iclaim is:

I. A puppet valve for engines havin whigh speed steel head and a chrome vana iuin Steel stem, the union betweensaid head and said stem being ofsolid homogeneous metal throughout.

. for internal combus- 2. A- puppet valve internal combustion tion engines having a tungsten steel head and astem of chromium and vanadium alloymetals beingsolid and homogeneous throughsteel, the juncture of the head and stem out.

Inw-itness whereo my name this 3rdfilaof March, A. D. 1917. ,Witnessesz' G. M. Zmemv,

E. Thomas;

f, hereunto subscribe ERT L. ELLEBY.- 

